β‐Glucans as Trainers of Innate Immunity

β‐Glucans are highly conserved structural components that make up the majority of the cell walls of yeast and fungi. Since β‐glucans are not produced by mammalian cells, they act as biological response modifiers and are recognized as MAMPs by PRRs present on the surface of innate immune cellsβ‐Glucans are phagocytosed and processed by monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells found in the upper intestinal lymphatic tissue to later be shuttled toward different immune organs like the spleen, where fragmented soluble β‐1,3‐glucan particles are released and prime immune cells for a more efficient antimicrobial and inflammatory response to pathogenic challenges.